An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment.
experiment
A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018.
physics based simulation
An HDF5 Dataset.
HDF5 dataset
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
realisierbare Entität
realizable entity
has part
x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
precedes
Unit of measure
unit
Abstract description of a method for analysis, generation and transformation of data and material objects like, e.g., 'Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy' or 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation'. Note that while values for relevant parameters should be provided, m4i:Method does not refer to the actual execution of the process that is described (use m4i:ProcessingStep for that), but rather a description of the underlying principle.
method
text variable
Object that helps an agent perform an action (e.g., John wrote a book with a pen), i.e., an object of the relation schema:instrument or m4i:hasTool
tool
Points to a parameter of a given method or tool.
has parameter
Points to a method that is used within a given processing step
Property, i.e., a variable that can be considered (as an investigated property, i.e., target property) within a processing step
property
Variable, i.e., a conventional that is employed for something to which values can be assigned (this may include different notations for the same variable including, e.g., computational representations); this is to be understood very generally, e.g., a variable may be an array or set of elements or have another kind of internal structure
variable
dataset
Distribution
activity
was generated by
Relates a computational model or concept to the source code that implements it.
has source code
is source code of
PIVMeta is an ontology that has been developed for the purpose of describing Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) data. At present, its functionality is limited to planar PIV (2D2C and 2D3C) setups.
piv: An ontology draft for describing particle image velocimetry data.
Amount of Substance per unit area
Typically used to describe the particle image density in a PIV image, also known as ppp (particle per pixel).
Amount of Substance per Unit Area
Can be direct subtraction of background, division of image by background or a combination.
background subtraction method
blackman window
Use 'has part' to relate components like an objective to the camera
camera
The correlation method used by the PIV evaluation process
correlation method
diethylhexyl sebacate
A Digital Camera captures photographs or videos in a digital format.
digital camera
experimental image
Use prov:hasPart to relate the tools used.
An experimental setup applying the Particle Image or Tracking Velocimetry method. The class should be related to the tools used in the experiment.
experimental setup
active
disabled
filtered
inactive
interpolated
manualedit
masked
noresult
replaced
Holds statistics, e.g. the number of data points associated with a Flag Variable.
flag statistics
A flag indicates the processing status of a vector. It can be disabled, active or processed in any other way by a post-processing step. The flag meaning must be provided with the dataset through flag meanings and flag values. Recommendation for the flag meaning are 0-inactive, 1-active, 2-masked, 4-no result, 8-disabled, 16-filtered, 32-interpolated, 64-replaced, 128-manualedit. Combinations of the flags can be used by bitwise OR operation. For example, 33 would mean that the vector is active and interpolated. Provide piv:flagMeaning and piv:flagValues with it.
A variable that expects flag values as integer values.
flag variable
Gaussian window
Hamming window
Hann window
An image showing Particles illuminated by a laser from a Particle Image or Tracking Velocimetry measurement.
image
The process of dewarping a distorted image, e.g. due to the fisheye effect.
image dewarping
A process of manipulate an image in order to remove unwanted effects or enhance certain information in an image.
image filtering
method of flipping an image horizontally
image horizontal flip
The image manipulation method used by the PIV pre-processing step, e.g. image rotation.
image manipulation method
A dataset holding data about PIV or PTV
Image Velocimetry Dataset
A distribution related to a velocimetry experiment (PIV or PTV)
Image Velocimetry Distribution
The velocimetry method applied.
image velocimetry method
Method to replace vectors identified as invalid by interpolating from surrounding data.
interpolation
interrogation method
A Device which emits light via amplification.
laser
left right flip
lens
A number of lenses used in combination.
lens system
An object or device that emits light
light source
Mask data to mask out areas that should not be evaluated
mask
Millimeters per pixel, representing the optical magnification where the length in millimeters corresponds to the number of pixels in the image.
millimeter per pixel
Background subtraction method which takes the minimum intensity at all pixels over a defined number of images from the experiment (with tracer particles) and subtracts it from each image which is taken for the PIV analysis..
minimum intensity background subtraction method
PIV multi grid method. The correlation and validation methods are executed on different interrogation window sizes starting from large to small.
multigrid
A PIV multiple pass interrogation window, which uses the local integer displacement in a subsequent interrogation pass by offsetting the interrogation windows. This increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the correlation peak as unmatched particle images are avoided.
multipass
The optical element that gathers light and focuses it on the camera sensor.
objective
optic sensor
optical component
Outlier detection method used to mark or interpolate spurious vectors.
Outlier detection method
Method used, to replace outliers.
Outlier replacement scheme
A reciprocal unit of pixel.
per pixel
Method to measure velocities in fluid.
Particle Image Velocimetry
High-level PIV Analysis processing step. All other PIV Processing steps like recording, pre processing, evaluation and post processing should be references using m4i:startsWith and m4i:endsWith
PIV Analysis
Processing step of measuring or calculating the background image or images.
PIV background generation
Processing step to determine the optical magnification and field of view
PIV calibration
The type of the distribution
PIV data type
Use obo:hasPart to relate a used Tool like a camera or laser to the PIV Dataset
A collection of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) data, published or curated by a single agent, and available for access or download in one or more representations.
PIV dataset
Main step of a PIV evaluation applying the methods to determine the velocity
PIV evaluation
Processing step creating a PIV mask
PIV mask generation
Refers to one or generally many tracer particles, also called seeding particles. Its parameters should be described via m4i:hasParameter.
PIV particle
Processing step after the main evaluation applying methods like validation and filtering.
PIV post processing
Processing step applying methods before the main evaluation like image enhancements.
PIV pre processing
Individual processing step of a PIV measurement. The concrete subclasses should be used to clearly define the individual steps in their order to enable traceability of a PIV measurement.
PIV Processing step
Processing step of taking the images
PIV recording
Software tool to perform Particle Image or Tracking Velocimetry evaluation.
PIV software
A measurement technique to measure the velocity of particles.
Particle Tracking Velocimetry
A collection of Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PIV) data, published or curated by a single agent, and available for access or download in one or more representations.
PTV dataset
Method fitting the sub pixel peak in the correlation signal.
Peak centroid, Parabolic peak fit or Gaussian peak fit.
peak search method
A PIV or PTV image, which has been manipulated by filtering or other operations on its pixel values.
processed image
A method of subtracting a background image which was recorded when no tracers were in the investigated domain
raw background image subtraction
re-evaluate with larger sample
Image Velocimetry result data, e.g. data resulting from PIV, PTV or other specialized methods. Contains at least displacement and coordinate data
result data
A Particle Image or Tracking Velocimetry Setup
Setup
Standard single pass interrogation algorithm.
singlepass
A quantity kind representing length per pixel in an image.
spatial resolution
split image
square window
synthetic image
Refers to one or generally many synthetically generated (modelled) tracer particles, also called seeding particles. Its parameters should be described via m4i:hasParameter. The source code generating the particles should be stated via codemeta:hasSourceCode.
synthetic PIV particle
A variable with a canonical time value (date or dateTimeStamp) given in piv:timeValue.
temporal variable
top bottom flip
try lower order peaks
Tukey window
A computational model of a digital camera. A set of parameters should be added using h4i:hasParameter and the source code relation using codemeta:hasSourceCode
virtual camera
A virtual laser used in synthetic PIV codes.
virtual laser
A simulation that relies on physics based models for a PIV Experiment.
virtual setup
The virtual or computational object that helped the agent perform the action, e.g. John took a photo with his modelled camera.
virtual tool
window weighting function
The regular expression string to determine the image filenames in the distribution.
filename pattern
Relates something to a Flag Variable
flag
Relates a Flag Variable to its used concept
flag in
fnumber
The flag meanings data property provides the string representations of the pvmeta:flagValues data property.
For piv:flagValues=[0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128], the meaning could be: piv:flagMeanings=["inactive", "active", "masked", "noresult", "disabled", "filtered", "interpolated", "replaced", "manualedit"]
has flag meaning
The data property flag values provides binary flag values which are explained by piv:flagValues. From the flag values, new flags can be computed by bitwise OR operation, e.g. 1 | 16=17.
piv:flagValues=[0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128]. The corresponding meaning would be: piv:flagMeanings=["inactive", "active", "masked", "noresult", "disabled", "filtered", "interpolated", "replaced", "manualedit"] A flag value of 17 means "active and filtered", which is obtained by bitwise AND operation. A JSON-LD excerpt could look like this: { "@type": "m4i:NumericalVariable", "piv:flagValues": [0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128], "piv:flagMeanings": [ "inactive", "active", "masked", "noresult", "disabled", "filtered", "interpolated", "replaced", "manualedit" ], "units": "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-PER-SEC" }
has flag value
A numerical value derived from or related to the distribution's content.
has metric
relates the PIV data type to a distribution
has PIV data type
Relates a dataset to the setup used to generate it.
has setup
Points to the window weighting function used by the correlation method.
has window weighting function
Relates a setup to the dataset(s) it was used for.
is setup for
Manufacturer of a m4i:Tool
manufacturer
Microscopic PIV. Example Applications can be found in Raffel et al. (2018) "Particle Image Velocimetry: A Practical Guide", Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68852-7.
Micro Particle Image Velocimetry
Points to the outlier replacement scheme used by the PIV validation process.
outlier replacement scheme
Canonical timestamp value.
time value
uses acquisition software
uses analysis software
uses software
has standard name
Name for a standard name, e.g. "x_velocity". The construction of a standard name string is defined by the standard name table. E.g. no spaces are allowed and specific pre- and suffixes are allowed.
standard name
The canonical unit of the standard name
Flag, indicating whether the algorithm uses image deformation technique as described in Raffel et al. (2018) "Particle Image Velocimetry: A Practical Guide", Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68852-7.
with image deformation
A utility class that serves as the umbrella for a number of 'intangible' things such as quantities, structured values, etc.
intangible
Computer programming source code. Example: Full (compile ready) solutions, code snippet samples, scripts, templates.
software source code
software
has documentation
Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser
NdYAG laser
Class from wikidata representing a Laser
device which emits light via optical amplification