An experiment is a process that is intended to replicate a physical phenomenon in a controlled environment.
Experiment
A simulation that relies on physics based models, according to the Review of Materials Modelling and CWA 17284:2018.
Physics Based Simulation
An HDF5 Dataset.
HDF5 Dataset
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
realisierbare Entität
realizable entity
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
part of
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
has part
x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point.
precedes
X immediately precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y)
immediately precedes
A visual representation other than text.
Image
The set of classes specified by the DCMI Type Vocabulary, used to categorize the nature or genre of the resource.
DCMI Type
Unit of measure
Unit
Abstract description of a method for analysis, generation and transformation of data and material objects like, e.g., 'Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy' or 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation'. Note that while values for relevant parameters should be provided, m4i:Method does not refer to the actual execution of the process that is described (use m4i:ProcessingStep for that), but rather a description of the underlying principle.
Method
Text Variable
Object that helps an agent perform an action (e.g., John wrote a book with a pen), i.e., an object of the relation schema:instrument or m4i:hasTool
Tool
Points to a tool that is used within a given processing step
has employed tool
Points to a parameter of a given method or tool.
has parameter
A value of any type
has value
Points to a processing step the tool has been used in
is employed tool
Property, i.e., a variable that can be considered (as an investigated property, i.e., target property) within a processing step
Property
Variable, i.e., a conventional that is employed for something to which values can be assigned (this may include different notations for the same variable including, e.g., computational representations); this is to be understood very generally, e.g., a variable may be an array or set of elements or have another kind of internal structure
Variable
Dataset
An available distribution of the dataset.
distribution
Activity
Relates a computational model or concept to the source code that implements it.
has source code
is source code of
This is an ontology draft for the description of Particle Image Velocimetry data. It is currently limited to planar PIV (2D2C and 2D3C) setups.
Matthias Probst (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8729-0482), Institut für Thermische Strömungsmaschinen
pivmeta: An ontology draft for describing particle image velocimetry data.
Amount of Substance per unit area
Typically used to describe the particle image density in a PIV image, also known as ppp (particle per pixel).
Amount of Substance per Unit Area
The process of creating or recording background images
Background Image Generation
Can be direct subtraction of background, division of image by background or a combination.
Background Subtraction
Blackman Window
Use 'has part' to relate components like an objective to the camera
Camera
The correlation method used by the PIV evaluation process
Correlation Method
diethylhexyl sebacate
A Digital Camera captures photographs or videos in a digital format.
Digital Camera
Experimental Image
Use prov:hasPart to relate the tools used.
An experimental setup applying the Particle Image Velocimetry method. The class should be related to the tools used in the experiment.
Experimental PIV Setup
active
Holds statistics, e.g. the number of data points associated with a Flag Variable.
Flag Statistics
A flag indicates the processing status of a vector. It can be disabled, active or processed in any other way by a post-processing step. The flag meaning must be provided with the dataset through flag meanings and flag values. Recommendation for the flag meaning are 0-inactive, 1-active, 2-masked, 4-no result, 8-disabled, 16-filtered, 32-interpolated, 64-replaced, 128-manualedit. Combinations of the flags can be used by bitwise OR operation. For example, 33 would mean that the vector is active and interpolated. Provide pivmeta:flagMeaning und pivmeta:flagValues with it.
A variable that expects flag values as integer values.
Flag Variable
Gaussian Window
Hamming Window
Hann Window
The process of dewarping an distorted image, e.g. due to the fisheye effect.
Image Dewarping
A process of manipulate an image in order to remove unwanted effects or enahnce certain information in an image.
Image Filtering
The image manipulation method used by the PIV pre-processing step, e.g. image rotation.
Image Manipulation Method
If not further specified assume anti-clockwise.
The process of rotating an Image
Image Rotation
Method to replace vectors identified as invalid by interpolating from surrounding data.
Interpolation
Interrogation Method
A Device which emits light via amplification.
Laser
left right flip
Lens
A number of lenses used in combination.
Lens System
An object or device that emits light
Light Source
The process of creating a mask to disabled parts in an image.
Mask Generation
Millimeters per pixel, representing the optical magnification where the length in millimeters corresponds to the number of pixels in the image.
millimeter per pixel
PIV multi grid method. The correlation and validation methods are executed on different interrogation window sizes starting from large to small.
Multigrid
A PIV multiple pass interrogation window, which uses the local integer displacement in a subsequent interrogation pas by offsetting the the interrogation windows. This increases the singal-to-noise ratio of the coorelation peak as unmatched particle images are avoided.
Multipass
The optical element that gathers light and focuses it on the camera sensor.
Objective
Optic Sensor
Optical Component
Outlier detection method used to mark or interpolate spurious vectors.
Outlier Detection Method
Method used, to replace outliers.
Outlier Replacement Scheme
A reciprocal unit of pixel.
per pixel
Use this as dct:type of a dcat:Resource. See https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-2/#classifying-dataset-types.
Particle Image Velocimetry data, e.g. data resulting from PIV, PTV or other specialized methods.
PIV data
Use obo:hasPart to relate a used Tool like a camera or laser to the PIV Dataset
A collection of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) data, published or curated by a single agent, and available for access or download in one or more representations.
PIV Dataset
A PIV-specific distribution. Subclasses of it are image mask and result distribution which should be used rather than this class. The subclasses describe more clearly the distribution content.
PIV Distribution
The PIV evaluation processing performing the correlation algorithm and interrogation method.
PIV Evaluation
An image showing Particles illuminated by a laser from a Particle Image Velocimetry measurement.
PIV image
A PIV image, which has been recorded by a camera or created synthetically. To distinguish between physical and synthetical images, use the object property "piv image type".
PIV Image Distribution
PIV Mask Distribution
Refers to one or generally many tracer particles, also called seeding particles. Its parameters should be described via m4i:hasParameter.
PIV Particle
The process after the main evaluation. Used to remove or mark outliers (invalid data) in the PIV solution
PIV Post Processing
Piv Pre processing
PIV-specific action undertaken during PIV data handling from recording to processing.
PIV Processing Step
Use schema:instrument or m4i:hasEmployedTool to related the used tools like camera and laser to the recording
The process of performing the Particle Image Velocimetry experiment.
PIV Recording
A PIV result distribution containing displacements and optionally other derived variables
PIV Result Distribution
PIV Setup
PIV Software
The process of validating an PIV solution.
PIV Validation
Method to measure velocities in fluid.
Particle Image Velocimetry
A measurement technique to measure the velocity of particles.
Particle Tracking Velocimetry
Method fitting the sub pixel peak in the correlation signal.
Peak centroid, Parabolic peak fit or Gaussian peak fit.
Peak Search Method
re-evaluate with larger sample
Standard single pass interrogation algorithm.
Singlepass
A quantity kind representing length per pixel in an image.
spatial resolution
split image
Square Window
synthetic image
Refers to one or generally many synthetically generated (modelled) tracer particles, also called seeding particles. Its parameters should be described via m4i:hasParameter. The source code generating the particles should be stated via codemeta:hasSourceCode.
Synthetic PIV Particle
A variable that expects a string of characters as a valu, which represent date times. The format to process the data is specified in the property pivmeta:timeFormat
Temporal Variable
top bottom flip
try lower order peaks
Tukey Window
A computational model of a digital camera. A set of parameters should be added using h4i:hasParameter and the source code relation using codemeta:hasSourceCode
Virtual Camera
A virtual laser used in synthetic PIV codes.
Virtual Laser
A simulation that relies on physics based models for a PIV Experiment.
Virtual PIV Setup
The virtual or computational object that helped the agent perform the action, e.g. John took a photo with his modelled camera.
Virtual Tool
Window Weighting Function
The regular expression string to determine the image filenames in the distribution.
filename pattern
Relates something to a Flag Variable
flag
Relates a Flag Variable to its used concept
flag in
fnumber
The flag meanings data property provides the string representations of the pvmeta:flagValues data property.
For pivmeta:flagValues=[0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128], the meaning could be: pivmeta:flagMeanings=["inactive", "active", "masked", "noresult", "disabled", "filtered", "interpolated", "replaced", "manualedit"]
has flag meaning
The data property flag values provides binary flag values which are explained by pivmeta:flagValues. From the flag values, new flags can be computed by bitwise OR operation, e.g. 1 | 16=17.
pivmeta:flagValues=[0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128]. The corresponding meaning would be: pivmeta:flagMeanings=["inactive", "active", "masked", "noresult", "disabled", "filtered", "interpolated", "replaced", "manualedit"] A flag value of 17 means "active and filtered", which is obtained by bitwise AND operation. A JSON-LD excerpt could look like this: { "@type": "m4i:NumericalVariable", "pivmeta:flagValues": [0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128], "pivmeta:flagMeanings": [ "inactive", "active", "masked", "noresult", "disabled", "filtered", "interpolated", "replaced", "manualedit" ], "units": "http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/M-PER-SEC" }
has flag value
has standard name
The bit depth of an image
bit depth
Manufacturer of a m4i:Tool
Microscopic PIV. Example Applications can be found in Raffel et al. (2018) "Particle Image Velocimetry: A Practical Guide", Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68852-7.
Micro PIV
The number of records. A record describes the number of images needed for the evaluation of a single PIV velocity field. E.g. a double image recording stored in two separate files A1.tiff and B1.tiff counts as one record. Hence, the number of records correspond to the number of velocity fields, if all records are taken into account in the evluation process.
number of records
Points to the outlier replacement scheme used by the PIV validation process.
outlier replacement scheme
The type of image, e.g. an experimental or synthetic one. Helps to identify the image source and hence assists processing or analysing PIV data.
Individuals of type ImageType are provided by the ontology, e.g. pivmeta:ExperimentalImage
piv image type
Defines the format string used to decode a date time format.
time format
Points to the window weighting function used by the correlation method.
window weighting function
Name for a standard name, e.g. "x_velocity". The construction of a standard name string is defined by the standard name table. E.g. no spaces are allowed and specific pre- and suffixes are allowed.
standard name
The canonical unit of the standard name
unit
Flag, indicating whether the algorithm uses image deformation technique as described in Raffel et al. (2018) "Particle Image Velocimetry: A Practical Guide", Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68852-7.
with image deformation
A utility class that serves as the umbrella for a number of 'intangible' things such as quantities, structured values, etc.
Intangible
Computer programming source code. Example: Full (compile ready) solutions, code snippet samples, scripts, templates.
software source code
points to an object that helped the agent perform the action (e.g., John wrote a book with a pen)
uses instrument
Software
has documentation
Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser
NdYAG laser
Class from wikidata representing a Laser